6^th International Conference on Microbial Physiology and Genomics August 30-31, 2017 Brussels, Belgium

Biography:

Raphaël Kiekens is a Researcher at the Plant Genetics Lab of the VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). He was a Former Researcher at the Plant Systems Biology Lab of UGent-­VIB working on natural variation of the cell cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana and taught Bioinformatics for several years at the University College in Bruges (Howest).

Abstract:

As the world faces more challenges linked to food security and environmental preservation, the specific characteristics of legumes (Fabaceae) make them important candidates to reach sustainable agriculture. Apart from their high protein content, legumes are relatively rich in the amino acid lysine. Lysine is referred to as an ‘essential’ amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized by humans or monogastric animals and is considered to be the most limiting dietary component in food and feed. The biosynthesis of lysine is tightly regulated by 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase (4-HTHDPS), our candidate gene (family) of interest. Recently the 4-HTHDPS gene family of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula was analyzed, which led to the discovery of novel, legume specific, 4-HTHDPS genes with multiple amino acid substitutions on positions previously shown to be involved in feedback inhibition and of residues important for catalytic activity, possibly affecting the enzymatic properties of these isoforms. Furthermore, these newly discovered isoforms seem to be specifically upregulated in roots colonized with mycorrhizal fungi or infected with pathogens, thus suggesting a role for these 4-HTHDPS genes in pathogenesis in legumes. By use of natural variation, publically available - and induced CRISPR/Cas9 mutants, we want to elucidate the functions and interplay of all 4-HTHDPS isoforms within the aspartate metabolic pathway together with its role in symbiosis with Rhizobia and (a)biotic stress responses in Fabaceae.

Biography:

I am Amine El Mostaphi aged 28 years studying at the faculty ibn tofail of kenitra in morocco in 4th year doctoral. Supervised by Professor Mohammed Ouhssine who publishes 30 articles he is also director of a consumer protection association.

Abstract:

The essential oils used since antiquity as therapeutic agent against various affections attract the interest of the scientists more and more. The family of Apiaceae is one of the families richest in essential oils.

The study of essential oils is carried out on the species Celery graveolens. L (celery) of the area of Marrakech extracted by the method of Hydro-distillation with an output of 1.2%.

According to the analyses carried out at the laboratory of biotechnology environment and quality: analysis of chromatographic in gas phase and the inhibition of corrosion on C35 steel in HCl 1M.

Moreover, the effect antibacterial of essential oil was examined on 5 bacterial strains as well as the inhibiting minimal concentration (CMI), which will be used to us as a basis for our experimental part.

Keywords: Celery graveolens. L, essential Oil, inhibition of corrosion, CMI         

Biography:

Khaled A Habeb has experience in teaching and supervision of both undergraduate and post graduate students. He has taught different subjects belonging to microbiology such as Medical Microbiology, Clinical Mycology, Microbial Toxins and Microbial Physiology. He has experience in evaluation and improving of probiotics application.

Abstract:

The present study aimed to compare between the effects of some locally isolates of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272 on the growth of the fungal pathogenT. rubrum. Out of 30 samples of infected hair, nail and skin were isolated from patients with dermatophytosis, three clinical isolates were identified as Trichophyton rubrum according to the conventional laboratory methods and molecular approach which includes gene-specific PCR for amplified ITS gene which resulted in PCR product about 690 bp and PCR-RFLP by involvement of BstN1 restriction enzyme which resulted in distinguishing bands. A total of 20 samples collected from different sources, two species of Lactobacillus including L. collinoidis and L. acidophilus identified according to the colonial morphology on MRS agar, microscopic examination, biochemical testes and API 50 CHL kit. The antagonistic activity of both CFS and entire cells of locally isolates of Lactobacillus species in addition to L. reuteri ATCC 23272 were studied on T. rubrumby agar well diffusion assay and MIC revealed that the best antifungal activity was recorded by L. collinoidis followed by L. reuteri ATCC 23272 and L. acidophilus respectively. The results of antagonistic effect of the entire cells of Lactobacillus species against T. rubrum were highest than CFS. Identification and quantification of phenylacetic acid (PLA) as antifungal compound was determined by UV-HPLC analysis for the fermented CFS of Lactobacilli species and revealed that the highest concentration of PLA was recorded in the fermented CFS of L. acidophilus about 16.4 ppm followed by L. collinoidis and L. reuteri ATCC 23272 about 14.6 and 13.2 ppm respectively whereas the concentration of PLA in the standard was 3 ppm only. The present study investigated that the antagonistic activity of whole cells of Lactobacillus species against Trichophyton rubrum was more efficient than the CFS and the locally isolate of Lactobacillus collinoidis showed the highest antifungal activity than Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272.

Biography:

Adriana Giongo coordinates the Geobiology Lab at the Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources in Brazil. During her MSc and PhD, she has worked with Soil Nitrogen Fixation. For the past 10 years, she has focused in Microbial Ecology from deep-sea samples, using high throughput sequencing to describe microbial communities and the role of microorganism in the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Abstract:

Cold seep areas are widespread around the world’s oceans, occurring at different latitudes and depths. Chemosynthesis often occurs in these areas, supporting biotic communities sustained by gases such as methane, generally at temperatures of ~2º - 4ºC. Such environments have been studied in the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; equivalent systems in the Southern Hemisphere have received little attention. We have previously documented a chemosynthetic benthic community in a cold seep pockmark site in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean using clone-based phylogenetic approaches. Here we assessed the archaeal communities from samples inside a pockmark, at the seafloor level and 1 m below the seafloor using high throughput DNA sequencing. After trimming off 16S rRNA sequences shorter than 100 bp and with low quality scores, a total of 510,321 sequences were used in the downstream analysis. The most abundant archaeal phylum was Euryarchaeota representing more than 31% and 34% of the total prokaryotic sequences at the seafloor and 1 m below the seafloor, respectively. From this phylum, OTUs from ANME-1, ANME-2c and ANME-2a-2b groups were the most abundant in these samples. The Marine Benthic Group B (MBGB) belonging to the phylum Crenarchaeota was also observed in abundance in samples, representing an average of 1.65% of the total sequences at the seafloor and 0.26% at 1 m below the seafloor. Our data brings the first report based on metabarcoding analyses on the archaeal diversity of southwestern Atlantic chemosynthetic zone. In some aspects they presented interesting similarities in relation to previous microbiodiversity reports from other oceanic regions, but also it brings new venues for the in-depth

comparative analysis of these communities, from ecological and evolutionary standpoints.

Biography:

Ruud A Weusthuis obtained his PhD in Microbial Biotechnology at the Delft University of Technology (1989-1994) after studying Biology in Groningen (1984-1989). Then he joined the WUR and headed the Bioconversion Group (2004-2008). In 2007, he started working at the Wageningen University, and is active as Associate Professor of Microbial Biotechnology. He focuses on the efficient production of chemicals by microorganisms.

Abstract:

A Monascus ruber strain was isolated that was able to grow on mineral medium at high sugar concentrations and 175 g/l lactic acid at pH 2.8. Its genome and transcriptomes were sequenced and annotated. Genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were introduced to accomplish lactic acid production and two genes encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) were knocked out to subdue ethanol formation. The strain preferred lactic acid to glucose as carbon source, which hampered glucose consumption and therefore also lactic acid production. Lactic acid consumption was stopped by knocking out 4 cytochrome-dependent LDH (CLDH) genes, and evolutionary engineering was used to increase the glucose consumption rate (figure 1). Application of this strain in a fed-batch fermentation resulted in a maximum lactic acid titer of 190 g/l at pH 3.8 and 129 g/l at pH 2.8, respectively 1.7 and 2.2 times higher than reported in literature before. Yield and productivity were on par with the best strains described in literature so far.

Biography:

Aleksander J Kruisa is associated with Wageningen University, The Netherlands. He started working at the Wageningen University, and is an active Professor of Microbial Biotechnology. He focuses on the efficient production of chemicals by microorganisms.

Abstract:

Ethyl acetate is an industrially relevant ester that is currently produced exclusively through unsustainable processes. Many yeasts are able to produce ethyl acetate, but the main responsible enzyme has remained elusive, hampering the engineering of novel production strains. Here we describe the discovery of a new enzyme (Eat1) from the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus that resulted in high ethyl acetate production when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Purified Eat1 showed alcohol acetyltransferase activity with ethanol and acetyl-CoA. Homologs of Eat1 are responsible for most ethyl acetate synthesis in known ethyl acetate-producing yeasts, including S. cerevisiae, and are only distantly related to known alcohol acetyltransferases. Eat1 is therefore proposed to compose a novel alcohol acetyltransferase family within the α/β hydrolase superfamily. The discovery of this novel enzyme family is a crucial step towards the development of biobased ethyl acetate production and will also help in selecting improved S. cerevisiae brewing strains.

Biography:

Hajar Pasha is associated with Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran . Hajar Pasha has published several papers in reputed journals. Hajar Pasha is committed to highest standards of excellence and it proves through the authorship of many books. Hajar Pasha research interests include Microbiology.

Abstract:

Introduction: The treatment of candidiasis infections is an important problem in the health care system. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of lavender essential oil and clotrimazole on isolated C. albicans from vaginal candidiasis.

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, C. albicans isolated from the vaginal discharge samples was obtained.

Results: The pairwise comparison showed that lavender and clotrimazole had a significant difference; this difference in the lavender group was lower than clotrimazole. But, after 48 hours, there was no difference seen between groups. There was a significant difference between clotrimazole and DMSO groups. Comparing the changes between groups based on the same dilution, at 24 h and 48 h in clotrimazole group, showed a significant difference two times in the fungal cell count that its average during 48 h was less than 24 h. A significant difference was observed between the two periods in lavender group, only at the dilutions of 1/20 and 1/80. The average fungal cell count after 48 h was also lower in lavender group.

Conclusions: Given that the lavender has antifungal activity, this can be used as an antifungal agent. However, more clinical studies are necessary to validate its use in candida infection.

Keyword: candidia albicans, antifungal agent, Lavandula angustifolia

Biography:

Dr Gabery has his expertise in Advanced Detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterotoxins in Milk and Staphylococcal Isolates Obtained From Retail Pork Byproducts .detection of of zoonotic Campylobacter jejuni in fast meal meat, grill chickens  also  he has expertise  in evaluation and Preparation  of Recombinant Vaccines  especially against oedematous skin disease in buffalo and Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA)  in sheep ,for the first time at Egypt I can overcome oedematous skin disease in buffalo with recombinant vaccine that give protection for buffalo y about 90% protection  that help  improving the health of buffalo in Egypt . he also have great experience in detection the virulence gene of Campylobacter Species   , S. aureus  and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Abstract:

All strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis have two virulence factors ,the first is an  exotoxin virulence factor  called phospholipase D that increasing vascular permeability and enhances dissemination of the bacteria by damaging endothelial cells .The second virulence factor is an external lipid coat that  protect the bacteria  from hydrolytic enzymes in host phagocytes where the bacteria replicate and release when rupture . The ongoing process of bacterial replication, followed by attraction and inducing an inflammatory response , increasing the vascular permeability and lymph flow ,forms the characteristic abscesses associated with CL .The objective of the present study was directed to perform a comparative study for the protective efficacy of cell mediated immune response by lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA) for different vaccine formulation to evoke protection against caseous lymphadenitis in sheep . The protective efficacy of four formulated vaccines against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biotype 1 was tested on 15 male local  sheep bread (Balady)  from a herd free from caseous lymphadenitis Disease. Using a virulent strain of C. pseudotuberculosis biotype 1 (nitrate negative), locally isolated from severely infected sheep with caseous lymphadenitis. The animals were divided into 5 groups each of 3 animals. each one group was immunized with combined vaccine , the first vaccine composed of Toxoid PLD vaccine  ,second vaccine composed of with Toxoid ‎PLD with Bacterine (formaline ‎killed bacteria‎) vaccine ,third vaccine  composed of  toxoid PLD plus Covaccine 8 ,fourth  vaccine composed of toxoid PLD plus polyvalent clostridial vaccine locally produced and control groups of unvaccinated animals. All groups were challenged by 4 ×10⁶ CFU forming unit per ml of live virulent strain of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from local sheep infected with caseous lymphadenitis. Unvaccinated animals showed manifestations of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) that Cleary observed in naturally diseased animals. The proliferation response of lymphocytes to PLD antigen were measured at 4 weeks after challenge by lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA)using ELISA Brdu (colorimetric) kit. The results of this work revealed that PLD toxoid could evoke cell mediated immunity measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay showing the highest stimulation index (9.12%).On the other hand combined PLD toxoid and clostridial toxoid vaccine either locally prepared clostridial vaccine (polyvalent clostridial vaccine ) or imported one  (Covaccine 8)could provide protection against C. pseudotuberculosis challenge but  less than that provided by vaccination with PLD alone as lymphocyte proliferation activity decreased from SI 9.12 in vaccinated sheep with single PLD toxoid vaccine to SI 5.73 in case of combined vaccine. The present study indicated that the toxoid PLD alone vaccine is most efficient vaccine was provided in animals against CLA.

Biography:

Solomon Taye has an expertise in the field of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and parasitology. He is a lecturer at Wachemo University which is found in South Ethiopia. Besides academic activities he is conducting researches which benefit the surrounding community in Ethiopia and the global scientific community in general. His research scope is wide ranging from host-pathogen interaction to microbial cell signaling. He has an enormous interest to understand immune evasion mechanisms of pathogenic microbes which in turn boosts our knowledge to formulate the best drug and laboratory diagnostic approach. Currently, he is working on the Burden of pertussis in Ethiopia.     

Abstract:

Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute respiratory disease resulting from mainly Bordetella pertussis infection. Pertussis is characterized by a ‘whooping’ sound when the person breathes in. It remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of effective vaccines in preventing infection by B. pertussis, an estimated 50 million cases occur each year, resulting in 295,000 deaths. The majority of these cases occur in developing countries, where malnutrition and limited supportive care contribute to the case fatality rate in infants. B. pertussis possesses type I and type III secretory system to translocate its effector proteins, where they act on diverse host cell pathways and outer membrane proteins. These effector factors of B. pertussis are; filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, pertactin, dermonecrotic toxin, tracheal cytotoxin and endotoxin. Adenylate cyclase is an important invasive toxin secreted by B. pertussis by a type I secretion ‘channel-tunnel’ mechanism formed by the CyaBDE proteins. Adenylate cyclase is a member of the repeat in toxin family of bacterial pore-forming toxins. Adenylate Cyclase binds host myeloid phagocytic cells expressing alpha-M2 integrin receptor (CD11b/CD18, CR3 or Mac-1), such as macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Adenylate cyclase inhibits phagocytosis, inactivates GTPase RhoA, hemolyze erythrocytes, regulates electrolyte-binding proteins, used as delivery vectors for internalization of immunogenic epitopes and possible vaccine.