Solomon Taye
University of Gondar, Ethiopia
Title: The Role of Adenylate Cyclase Toxin during Bordetella Infection
Biography
Biography: Solomon Taye
Abstract
Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute respiratory disease resulting from mainly Bordetella pertussis infection. Pertussis is characterized by a ‘whooping’ sound when the person breathes in. It remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of effective vaccines in preventing infection by B. pertussis, an estimated 50 million cases occur each year, resulting in 295,000 deaths. The majority of these cases occur in developing countries, where malnutrition and limited supportive care contribute to the case fatality rate in infants. B. pertussis possesses type I and type III secretory system to translocate its effector proteins, where they act on diverse host cell pathways and outer membrane proteins. These effector factors of B. pertussis are; filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae, pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, pertactin, dermonecrotic toxin, tracheal cytotoxin and endotoxin. Adenylate cyclase is an important invasive toxin secreted by B. pertussis by a type I secretion ‘channel-tunnel’ mechanism formed by the CyaBDE proteins. Adenylate cyclase is a member of the repeat in toxin family of bacterial pore-forming toxins. Adenylate Cyclase binds host myeloid phagocytic cells expressing alpha-M2 integrin receptor (CD11b/CD18, CR3 or Mac-1), such as macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Adenylate cyclase inhibits phagocytosis, inactivates GTPase RhoA, hemolyze erythrocytes, regulates electrolyte-binding proteins, used as delivery vectors for internalization of immunogenic epitopes and possible vaccine.